Before attempting this procedure, you should verify that your hardware is compatible with A/UX 3.0.1 - A/UX bypasses the Macintosh Toolbox and communicates directly with the hardware, so if your Mac is not on the compatibility list, you're out of luck. This also rules out any of the current Macintosh emulators - Unless your emulator accurately replicates the functions of the PMMU, FPU, and SWIM chips, it will not work.
The A/UX 3.0.1 installation CD is not bootable, so you will need an installation floppy. There are three floppy-images available in the downloads section: MacII Series, Quadra/Centris Series, and a custom installation disk. Pick an image, uncompress it, and write it to a floppy using the dd command in Unix/Linux:
# gzip -d AUX_3.1_Boot.img.gz # dd if=AUX_3.1_Boot.img of=/dev/fd0
Insert the installation floppy, and turn on your Mac. If all goes well, it should boot into MacOS 7.0.1, and automatically launch the A/UX 3.0.1 installer.
Now comes the fun part - Is your CD-ROM drive compatible with A/UX? Just because it's got an Apple logo on it doesn't mean it's going to work... The comp.unix.aux FAQ lists the following drives as 100% compatible: AppleCD SC, CD-150, CD-300, Toshiba XM3201, XM3301B, XM3401, XM3501, DEC RRD42, RRD40 (LMSI CM-212), Sun CDROM (Sony CDU-8012?), CD-Technologies Porta-Drive, Chinon CDA-431, Denon DRD 253. The faq also states that A/UX 3.1 adds support for NEC cd-rom drives... Unfortunately, it doesn't specify which models.
Personally, I've used the AppleCD 300 Plus (Sony CDU561-25), AppleCD 300i Plus (Panasonic/Matsushita CR-503-K), AppleCD 600i (Panasonic/Matsushita CR-504-C), and the Toshiba XM6201B to install A/UX. Others have reported success with the Apple 12X (Panasonic/Matsushita CR-507-C). I suspect the operating system needs a cd-rom drive with a 512 byte sector size (many newer drives use a sector size of 2048 bytes) or a drive that responds to the "MODE SELECT" command. If you successfully install A/UX using an "unsupported" drive, please email the make/model to me or the maintainer of the new A/UX faq.
If your CD-ROM drive is A/UX-compatible, your screen will go black for a few seconds, then load into the main installation routine. If your screen stays black, you probably have a hardware-incompatibility - maybe a third-party video card. If you're trying to install on an LC475 with a full 68040, this is where it will fail. The video sub-system on the LC series is not supported by A/UX.
Click Custom Install to begin
Click Disk Setup to begin partitioning the drive
Click on Partition
Click on Custom
Select and remove any Macintosh volumes on the drive
Once you delete all existing partitions, create a new Mac volume (16MB is plenty), a Swap slice (2X your RAM), and use the remaining space for Root & Usr. This is all very subjective, but you should be safe with these values.
The original Macintosh ROM (bios) was designed to boot into MacOS - This is coded directly into the hardware - There was no openfirmware on the classic Mac. To boot into Unix, A/UX uses a small Macintosh partition with a "secondary bootloader" application. The computer boots to MacOS, then loads into Unix through an A/UX startup application.
Step #9After creating the partitioning scheme, click "Install Startup" to load Mac OS 7.0.1 and the A/UX startup utility into the boot partition.
Select the packages, and click install
Go for coffee - Depending on the speed of your hardware, this may take a while.
The first time you boot into A/UX, it will automatically rebuild the kernel according to your installed hardware. Reboot one last time and installation is complete.
If you are installing A/UX 3.0.1 on a Quadra 610/650/700, or a Centris 610/650, you probably encountered an error like the one below. A/UX 3.0.1 uses MacOS 7.0.1 as a "bootloader" to launch into Unix. Several of the Quadra/Centris models do not support this older version of MacOS - They need the 040 enabler. Grab the 040 enabler floppy from the downloads section. Boot from this, then copy the 040 enabler into the System Folder of your Mac Partition. Reboot and all is well.
Open a command prompt and type "newconfig" without the quotes. You will be prompted for the hostname, IP address, netmask, and other networking parameters. (Note, A/UX only supports 10Mbit networking, and it does not do DHCP) Don't worry if you mess it up. You can always change the settings later. After you change the settings, you will be prompted to reboot.
Networking must also be enabled in the /etc/inittab, and the default route must be set. Here's the relevant portion of my /etc/inittab:
nfs0:2:wait:/etc/portmap #Set to "wait" for networking net9:2:respawn:/etc/inetd #Set to "respawn" for networking net6:2:wait:/etc/syslogd #Set to "wait" to run a syslog daemon
You can set the default route in /etc/rc by adding the following line. Of course, you will need to change to IP address to reflect that of your gateway.
/usr/etc/route add default 192.168.4.1 1
Finally, to allow your A/UX system to browse the internet, you must provide a means to resolve host names into their corresponding IP addresses. Create a file called /etc/resolv.conf, and enter your DNS server info in the following format:
domain aliant nameserver 142.177.1.2 nameserver 142.177.1.3
If you don't know your DNS info, check the support page of your internet service provider, or just call and ask them. (Note: The file is called /etc/resolv.conf, not /etc/resolve.conf) Reboot one last time for the changes to take effect.
First, you should disable the automatic login feature. Delete the "Autologin" file from /mac/sys/Login System Folder/Preferences. Apple Knowledge Base Article 17627. This will force people to log in using a username and password.
Then set a root password. Open a terminal window, and type "passwd" without the quotes. Your root password should be at least six characters, with letters, numbers, and special characters. Don't use a dictionary word - English or otherwise.
Create a non-root user. Unless you are configuring something, you really shouldn't be logged in as root. If you screw up as root, you can totally hose the OS - A non-root user doesn't have sufficient permissions to delete critical system files. Open a terminal window, and type "adduser" without the quotes.
Disable the guest account. You will need to edit the /etc/passwd file, and put an asterisk in the password field of the Guest user. Open a terminal window, and type the following:
# cd /etc # cp passwd passwd.old # vi passwd
This will make a backup of the /etc/passwd file, and place you in the vi editor. If you are not familiar with vi, it can be somewhat counterintuitive. If you need help, check out this vi cheatsheet. Here's a copy of my /etc/passwd file, with the Guest account disabled. Of course, the encrypted password strings have been tainted with random characters, so don't bother trying to decrypt my passwords. :-)
Install the security updates from Jagubox - I have a mirrored some of the Jagubox updates in my Downloads section. Unfortunately, I don't have enough space for a complete mirror. At the very least, you want the updated syslogd, portmapper, ftpd, fingerd, and inetd daemons. TCP wrappers and shadow passwords would also be a really good idea!
Install Secure Shell - Josh Burker has provided pre-compiled binaries for SSH 1.2.32 for A/UX 3.1.1 - Once you have this up and running, you may want to consider disabling telnet entirely.
Put the system behind a strong firewall - http://leaf.sourceforge.net/ - Even a DSL router would provide some protection. However, remember that A/UX does not support DHCP (dynamic IP).
There are three major updates for A/UX 3.0.1 - AWS Tuneup 1.0 will upgrade you to 3.0.2. The A/UX 3.1 update was designed specifically for the Apple Workgroup Server 95 - Although it will work on any platform that supports version 3.0.1. Finally, AWS Tuneup 2.0 will upgrade version 3.1 to the latest 3.1.1. Be warned, however... There is a corrupt copy of the A/UX 3.1 update being passed around the internet. If your update image has the following size and md5 checksum, it contains a damaged "touchsec" file, and will not work:
$ ls -l AUX_3.1_Update.toast_image -rw-r--r-- 1 scott wheel 19748864 2007-07-29 13:34 AUX_3.1_Update.toast_image $ md5sum AUX_3.1_Update.toast_image f7723b5613a80f3806f500cc23512a0a AUX_3.1_Update.toast_image
